Sunday, November 24, 2019

Liberal Feminism

Liberal Feminism One of Four Feminisms In 1983, Alison Jaggar published Feminist Politics and Human Nature where she defined four theories related to feminism: liberal feminism, Marxism, radical feminism, and socialist feminism. Her analysis was not completely new; the varieties of feminism had begun to differentiate as early as the 1960s. Jaggars contribution was in clarifying, extending and solidifying the various definitions, which are still often used today. Goals of Liberal Feminism What she described as liberal feminism is theory and work that focuses more on issues like equality in the workplace, in education, in political rights. Where liberal feminism looks at issues in the private sphere, it tends to be regarding equality: how does that private life impede or enhance public equality. Thus, liberal feminists also tend to support marriage as an equal partnership, and more male involvement in child care.  Abortion and other reproductive rights  have to do with control of ones life choices and autonomy. Ending domestic violence and sexual harassment have to do with removing obstacles to women achieving on an equal level with men. Liberal feminisms primary goal is gender equality in the public sphere, equal access to education, equal pay, ending job sex segregation, better working conditions, won primarily through legal changes. Private sphere issues are of concern mainly as they influence or impede equality in the public sphere. Gaining access to and being paid and promoted equally in traditionally male-dominated occupations is an important goal. What do women want? Liberal feminism answers: mostly, what men want: to get an education, to make a decent living, to provide for ones family. Means and Methods Liberal feminism tends to rely on the state and political rights to gain equality to see the state as the protector of individual rights. Liberal feminism, for example, supports affirmative action legislation requiring employers and educational institutions to make special attempts to include women in the pool of applicants, on the assumption that past and current discrimination may simply overlook many qualified women applicants. The Equal Rights Amendment was a key goal for many years of liberal feminists, from the original womens suffrage proponents who moved to advocate a federal equality amendment, too many of the feminists of the 1960s and 1970s in organizations including the National Organization for Women. The text of the Equal Rights Amendment, as passed by Congress and sent to the states in the 1970s, is classical liberal feminism: Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.While not denying that there may be biologically-based differences between men and women, liberal feminism cannot see that these are adequate justification for inequality, such as the wage gap between men and women. Critics Critics of liberal feminism point to a lack of critique of basic gender relationships, a focus on state action which links womens interests to those of the powerful, a lack of class or race analysis, and a lack of analysis of ways in which women are different from men. Critics often accuse liberal feminism of judging women and their success by male standards. White feminism is a kind of liberal feminism which assumes that the issues facing white women are the issues all women face, and that unity around liberal feminist goals is more important than racial equality and other such goals.  Intersectionality was a theory developed in criticism of liberal feminisms common blindspot on race. In more recent years, liberal feminism has sometimes been conflated with a kind of libertarian feminism, sometimes called equity feminism or individual feminism. Individual feminism often opposes legislative or state action, preferring to emphasize developing the skills and abilities of women to compete better in the world as it is. This feminism opposes laws that give either men or women advantages and privileges. Bibliography: Alison M. Jaggar. Feminist Politics and Human Nature.Drucilla Cornell. At the Heart of Freedom: Feminism, Sex, and Equality.Josephine Donovan. Feminist Theory: The Intellectual Traditions of American Feminism.Elizabeth Fox-Genovese. Feminism Without Illusions: A Critique of Individualism.Betty Friedan. The Feminine Mystique.Catharine MacKinnon. Toward a Feminist Theory of the State.John Stuart Mill. The Subjection of Women.Mary Wollstonecraft. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Maritime Technology 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Maritime Technology 3 - Essay Example This propeller shaft which was geared to the main engine shaft subsequently rotated causing the propeller blades to swirl in a circular fashion. The momentum created by this swirling of water towards the rear end of the ship generated a forward thrust helping the ship to forge ahead. This water thrust at the rear end of the ship was made to flow across a rudder plate kept a certain angle; the angle fixed from atop the bridge by the ships navigator. This thrust achieved was at a particular angle thus helping the ship move ahead in the required direction. (Mc George H.D, 1995) Most of the marine ships use diesel engines with low power to weight ratio. Hence the power generation is intermittent; the flywheel attached to the propeller shaft ensuring uniform rpm. Another area of great concern for conventional propellers is the challenge to overcome cavitation. The presence of cavitation limits the ship speed to 35 knots. Increasing the speed of the ship creates low pressure areas around t he propeller leading to the creation of small bubbles around the propeller. ... The rotation of these blades arranged in pusher or tandem configuration generates the required momentum. The steering on the other hand is achieved by rotating the pod by means of slewing gears that are attached to the hull. Rotation of the pod deflects the flow of water to a new direction thus achieving change in direction. (Beijerinck H.C.W & Terwisga T.J.C, 2006) Since the pod can be rotated about its mounted axis, it achieves thrust capabilities in any direction. This therefore facilitates the forward motion, reverse motion and the rotation of the vessel about a small turning radius with the same efficiency. A propulsion pod consists of Fix pitch propeller, Electric AC synchronous motor, Exciter, Propeller shaft, Propeller shaft thrust and support bearings, propeller brake, Propeller shaft seals, Bilge pumps and the control equipment on the inside. The electric motor that is used in pod is stimulated by a frequency converter which is capable of developing full torque in either di rection across the entire speed range. (Azipod Propulsion, 2002) Source: ABB, Viewed on 10th March 2011 This facilitates in fixing the speed of the propeller for different liquid hydrodynamics and therefore achieving optimum propelling efficiency. The outside part consists of the Steering system, lubricating oil equipment and the ventilation unit. The first series of propulsion pods were equipped on M/V ‘Seili by ABB in 1990. (Azipod Propulsion, 2002) Advantages Podded Propellers offer the following advantages over the conventional Propellers. 1. The degree of automation achieved is higher and chances of mechanical upsets are reduced due the system employing electrical energy. 2. The

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Contract tender process in the work environment Essay

Contract tender process in the work environment - Essay Example It is interesting that computer crime is compared with the crime of serial killing, but computer criminals are more subtle, erratic and evasive. Therefore, it requires serious anti-computer crime control mechanisms to check this devastating crime that has defrauded corporations, societies and individuals to the tune of millions of dollars each year. One issue that has become a disturbing phenomenon to corporate stakeholders, as well as business management process decision-makers and leaders of communities is computer crime. But the impact of this modern-day problem is mainly felt in the corporate world, where organizations stand to potentially lose millions of dollars a year. For the fact that computers are becoming household commodities, and Internet access is ubiquitous and cheap, there is no end to the threats from what is termed the computer criminal. This report would investigate the sources of computer crime, its trend now, the losses it causes many corporate entities, and some of the criminal types behind the ever increasing range of scams. Relevant literature from peer-reviewed sources would be explored in order to elicit vital information about how computer crime has developed to ravage our societies. Findings from these scholastic sources are highlighted and discussed with the view of offering recommendations about the appropriate ways to tackle the endemic problem of computer crime. Experts dealing with this major problem have attempted to give specific definitions of what is a computer crime. This has been made more difficult by the crime type evolution, the fact that over the years, this kind of crime has developed into several interwoven forms comprising all crime types involving the use of computers. It has also been discovered that computer crime is a crime that could be categorized as white-collar: for a computer

Sunday, November 17, 2019

The American Dream Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The American Dream - Research Paper Example dreamed of racial equality. Both men supported their arguments perfectly, hence making scholars to separately view the varying perception for the American dream. Attainment of this dream, however, is still in doubt (Stigliz n.pag.). Initially, American excellence was thought as possessing property and having enough money to be able to provide for their family basic needs. In fact, most citizens wanted to get wealthy and prominent as it is these days. Currently, the American dream has changed into insatiable materialism that has made most Americans think of how to be millionaires and own a yacht and perhaps a private jet. Few Americans are millionaires compared to the entire American population. However, most Americans still believe that this dream is achievable, and that they will join the millionaires club eventually. The belief by a good number of people that it is possible to move from rags to riches is unrealistic, because the modern day wealth is almost not viable to reach (â₠¬Å"Davos† n.pag.). The thought of the American Dream has had a very hopeful influence on the American people, as every person believes that at least one day they will earn enough money, having freedom and riding in high social circles. Just like some other Americans are positive about the achievement of the American excellence, so there is the belief by people from other countries. Most foreigners have travelled to America to get at least a fraction of opportunity in America. However, I believe that the American dream is just a deceptive hope that will never be attained. This article explains the difficulties of achieving the dream especially among the less privileged individuals who literally start from nothing. Even when you try to save money or work extra hard, achieving excellence in the American dream is absolutely impossible (Stiglitz n. pag.). Although Americans’ economy is growing and the wealth increases, many individuals think that it is easy to achieve excell ence by achieving it through hard work and diligence. It leaves many questions still about what the American dream is. Is it possible for a housekeeper and a waitress in a diner to succeed in achieving the so called American Dream? Even if someone has a bit of head to start some business, the beginning of the individual’s activity is very difficult to obtain the American Dream. Some people may work double shifts just to earn enough money, but still their needs are not fully satisfied. Generally, what is important is the chance and where someone starts from (â€Å"Wake Up America†). It is not justified to say that American excellence is still obtainable, yet some people rent hotels so that they can sleep and shower in them due to inability to afford homes. It is so obvious that this dream is not achievable unless I am convinced beyond reasonable doubt. In fact, hard work does not reward as it is initially thought, and, therefore, it is not the key in obtaining the Ameri can Dream. People wake up in the morning to work very hard, yet they are no better off than before, thus proving that no matter how hard an individual works the person cannot just succeed. It is clear that the American Dream is just an illusion that cannot be attained and, therefore, should not be in anyone’s future. People should not cling to the hope that will never come to pass because the track record shows that only

Friday, November 15, 2019

Ethical Dilemmas In The Movie Wall Street Philosophy Essay

Ethical Dilemmas In The Movie Wall Street Philosophy Essay WALL STREET is an American movie directed by Oliver Stone. It Street takes us to the front lines of an industry that has recently undergone a decline in values and ethics that once were the cornerstone of American business. The movie deals with many ethical issues. The movie portrays two characters in particular; one is Gordon Gekko, a wealthy unscrupulous corporate player, played by Michael Douglas and Bud Fox, a young and dynamic stock broker, played by Charlie Sheen. The main focus of the economic aspects of the movie is how greed contributes to our society. The movie begins with Bud Fox, who spends his work time calling people to sell them shares and to provide them investment plans. He is quite desperate to get to top. He aims to sell shares to Gekko, make him his client. Bud is a young stockbroker who comes from a working-class family and Gekko is a millionaire who Bud admires and wants to be associated with. Buds father is a blue-collared airline maintenance foreman. He works for Blue-star Airline, which has a prominent role in the movie. Bud is so desperate to make Gekko his client and so reaches his office one early morning to wish him on his Birthday and pitches him some stocks which he had been analyzing over some time. However Gekko seems unimpressed. Realizing that Gekko might not do business with him, he passes on insider information regarding the Blue-star Airlines where his father works. The information is that the Airline was involved in some crash case and that the airline will be exonerated in that crash case and thus wil l come over the suspension and will look at expanding services. Thus, after this information revelation Gekko becomes Buds client. One of the issues covered in this movie is of Insider Information. This will be discussed in detail later in the text. An appreciative Gekko takes Bud under his wing, but compels him to unearth new information by any means necessary, including becoming a partner in a cleaning company to gain access to confidential files in the offices of the clients of the cleaning company. Thus in an effort to become wealthy Bud resorts to wrong means. Bud becomes wealthy, enjoying Gekkos promised perks, including a corner office with a view, a penthouse on  Manhattans Upper East Side. Gekko asks Bud to buy large quantities of stock in a paper company, Teldar, a failing company which Gekko wants to takeover and turn around. Bud does this by enlisting his friends as  straw buyers  of the stock and giving them a cut of the proceeds (Here as well he uses his friends as a means to support his wrong doings by offering them a share of his salary. In a way it accounts for bribery, another ethical issue). It is at the Teldar annual stockholders meeting where Gekko gives his infamous Greed is good speech. There is a fa mous quote which Douglas says as follows: Greed for lack of a better word is good. Greed is right. Greed works. Greed clarifies, cuts through, and captures the essence of the evolutionary spirit. Greed, in all of its forms greed for life, for money, for love, knowledge has marked the upward surge of mankind. And greed you mark my words will not only save Teldar Paper, but that other malfunctioning corporation called the USA. In the road to perdition, Bud does several acts which are against his principles but still to achieve confidence of his boss, he does them. These tasks include following Lawrence Wildman, business rival of Gekko to trace his movement and analyze his possible actions. In this way again Gekko ends up making millions of Dollars. Bud in the mean time gains complete confidence of his boss. He suggest and idea to Gekko. The plan was to buy Blue-star airlines and expand it using the savings achieved by union concession. Bud approaches his father to get union support for this turnaround of the company. The situation takes a dramatic turn when Bud learns that Gekko plans to sell off Bluestars assets and in the process, thus leave Carl and the entire Bluestar staff unemployed, however making Bud extremely rich as the president of Bluestar. Angered by Gekkos decision, and burdened with the guilt of being a scapegoat to Bluestars destruction, Bud chooses his father as his mentor and resolves to foil Gekkos plans. He creates a plan to keep Bluestar airlines out of the reach of Gekko. He decides to keep the stock prices move down so that Gekko decide to sell of his stock, and at that lower price he convinces Gekkos rival Mr. Wilderman to buyback the stocks, who then becomes the airlines majority stock owner. Gekko, whe n realizes that his stock has plummeted, finally decides to dump his continued interest in the company. Thus, Bud again used wrong means of manipulating stock prices, but this time for the good of his people.   Gekko, eventually comes to know that Bud had engineered the entire scheme. So, the following day, when Bud jubilantly goes back to work, everyone was curiously in a grave mood. He is confronted by the police and the  Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), who had became doubtful of Bud when they detected that he placed an unusually large buy order of Teldar stock, which was monitored and thus picked up by StockWatch. Bud is placed under arrest, handcuffed, and taken out of the office in tears. In the end Bud meets Gekko in central park where Bud is viciously attacked by Gekko. Gekko in innocence while assaulting him mentions of his involvement in the illegal business transactions. Bud actually records all his acceptances in a recorder, which he later hands over to the police. CHARACTERS CENTRAL TO THE MOVIE: Bud Fox: Bud Fox as a person is very ambitious stock broker who makes $50,000 a year in salary. His father is Carl, who is a worker at BlueStar Airlines. Bud was offered a job at Bluestar Airlines, however he declined the offer because he wanted to pursue his dream. He believes he must make himself a major player in the market at any cost and later in the film he proves this to us. His goal is to bag the elephant which means doing business with one of the bigger investors in the financial markets of Wall Street. He is an ambitious person and the way he purchased expensive gifts like cigars in order to get opportunities shows his go-getter attitude in life. Gordon Gekko: Gecko is an arbitrager in the business world. An arbitrager is one who searches for information about firms that are wreck able. Once a potential firm is found and taken over the arbitrager can then make lucrative profits through liquidation of the taken over companies assets. One might say that Gecko is driven by greed because he doesnt care about those people in the company or their future only his bank account. He has all the wealth in the world, but still he lusts for more and more of it. He value information the most, information obtained by any means. In the pursuit of his goals he looks for poor but smart people who could go that extra mile to get him information. He understood that his greed cannot stand all by itself, thus he strategized to spread his greed over to his workers. By making Bud greedy for more money, a better life-style, status etc. he made Bud do all the tasks which he otherwise would not be ready to do. He convinced the young stock broker that GREED IS GOOD. The eastern philosophy that greed is the starting point of self-destruction becomes true in Gordons case. Carl (Buds Father): The character is played by Martin Sheen. He plays an important character in the movie. He is the person who changes Bud at the right moment. He makes him realise that the best thing in the world is to create value, not to buy and sell dreams for others. It is because of Carl that Bud undergoes a change of mind and decides to act in a way that is for the larger good of the society rather than his personal good. Also Carl has very high moral values as was justified by his actions of not letting himself be involved in selling off the company to Gekko and his support or the unions. Effect of movies on Society: Movies in particular and Mass media in general has a strong impact on the society. The roles that are portrayed in movies leave a long term mark on its audience. Movies form an ideal mode of communicating ones ideas to a large group of people. Thus, one should be very sensible while trying to address an issue to the audience. The way the hero portrays himself in the film will be emulated by the fans and this might end up having serious consequences. In the  attitude  of the hero throughout the film,  he will not show any respect to any individual. As these film stars have got a huge number of fan followers,  the attitude portrayed by the hero in the film will be seriously followed by the fan followers also in their real-life situations. It is not only the uneducated youth who follow stars blind folded but also the educated people who know in the mind that all this does not make any sense, but accept it by heart. Ethics in movies: Thus, as we have seen that movies have a major impact on the society, this source should be used to spread ethical behavior, virtues in the society. There have been many tries in this direction, which include movies like No Country for Old men, Blood Diamond, Wall Street. These kinds of movies move the audience and make them think as what is right and what is wrong. Thus, we should try preaching these concepts of ethics through motion pictures. ISSUES: The issues that we thought could be discussed with ethical angle were Insider information Bribery Manipulation of stocks Each of the above issues will be discussed in detail. These issues are so relevant in the current market conditions. But still in order to tackle these issues, stringent laws have been made by the government. But still such cases do happen, examples could be taken of Billionaire galleon group founder Raj Rajarathnam, Anil Kumar, Board member on ISB. INSIDER INFORMATION: Insider trading  is the trading of a  corporations  stock  or other  securities  (e.g.  bonds  or  stock options) by individuals with potential access to non-public information about the company. In some of the countries the law says that members inside the organization can trade, if this trading is done in a way that does not take into account the non-public information. n the United States and several other jurisdictions, trading conducted by corporate officers, key employees, directors, or significant shareholders (in the U.S., defined as beneficial owners of ten percent or more of the firms equity securities) must be reported to the regulator or publicly disclosed, usually within a few business days of the trade. But still insider trading is supposed to be increasing the cost of capital for issuers, thus hampering the economic growth. There are two types of insider trading based on the laws in the country, Legal insider trading and illegal insider trading. Legal Insider trading: Legal trades by insiders are common, as employees of publicly-traded  corporations  often have stock or stock options. These trades are made public in the US through  SEC filings, mainly  Form 4. Prior to 2001, US law restricted trading such that insiders mainly traded during windows when their inside information was public, such as soon after earnings releases. Section in law clarified that the U.S. prohibition against insider trading does not require proof that an insider actually used  material nonpublic information  when conducting a trade; possession of such information alone is sufficient to violate the provision.   For example, if a corporate insider plans on retiring after a period of time and, as part of his or her retirement planning, adopts a written, binding plan to sell a specific amount of the companys stock every month for the next two years, and during this period the insider comes into possession of material nonpublic information about the company, any subsequent trades based on the original plan might not constitute prohibited insider trading. Illegal insider trading: Rules against insider trading on  material non-public information  exist in most jurisdictions around the world, though the details and the efforts to enforce them vary considerably. The United States is generally viewed as having the strictest laws against illegal insider trading, and makes the most serious efforts to enforce them. A trading done by a 3rd party on the information given by the person related to the company would account for Insider trading. A new implication for the Insider trading law has been formed, it is misappropriation theory. It says that  anyone who misappropriates (steals) information from their employer and trades on that information in  any  stock (not just the employers stock) is guilty of insider trading. AMERICAN INSIDER TRADING LAW: United States has compiled many laws to curb insider trading. US has been on the fore-front to make laws directed at curbing insider trading. These are:- Common law SEC regulations Although there have been many counter arguments for legalizing Insider trading in US. There are many Economists and legal scholars who argue that laws making insider trading illegal should be revoked. They say that by having non-public insider information the investors are benefitted, by more quickly introducing information in the market. Others argue that Insider trading is a legal pact between the seller and buyer, wherein seller owns the property (legally). BRIBE: It is an act wherein an individual in order to be benefitted by any other individual or to get any favor done gifts something to that individual. Bribery, a form of pecuniary corruption, is an act implying money or gift given that alters the behavior of the recipient. Bribery accounts for crime, no matter in what circumstance it is given. Corruption and bribery goes hand in hand, corruption has social and economic consequences on people and business around the globe. Corruption has been considered evil by people everywhere in the world. Most are given to public officials to make them change the rules or break the laws that were made for the common good. We can take examples from our daily lives, when we are caught without license, the first thing we do is pay bribe to the police officer so that he may let us go. Bribe may be given in two cases, one is given when we want the authority to change the rules all together and the other is when we want to expedite the process. In the movie as well we see the Bud Fox in order to park money of Gekko into the accounts of his friends offers them incentives. In the book, the economist a mention of a very important point is made, that people act as per incentives. Thus, in order to meet his ends Fox induces his friends to be accomplice in the process. MANIPULATION OF STOCKS: Market manipulation  describes a deliberate attempt to interfere with the free and fair operation of the market and create artificial, false or misleading appearances with respect to the price of, or market for, a  security. Market manipulation is prohibited in the United States  and other countries by acts in the respective companies.  The Act defines market manipulation as transactions which create an artificial price or maintain an artificial price for a tradable security. This manipulation can occur in several ways:- Pools: This includes an agreement wherein a group of traders delegate authority to a single manager to trade for a specific period of time and then share the profits or loss. Churning: When a trader places both buy and sell orders at about the same price. The increase in activity is intended to attract additional investors, and increase the price. Runs: When a group of traders create activity or rumors in order to drive the price of a security up. An example is the  Guinness share-trading fraud  of the 1980s. In the US, this activity is usually referred to as  painting the tape. Ramping: Actions designed to artificially raise the market price of listed securities and to give the impression of voluminous trading, in order to make a quick profit. Bear Raid: Attempting to push the price of a stock down by heavy selling or short selling. In the movie we see that, Fox in order to take revenge on Gekko, asks his fellow traders to start selling the stock so that the stock prices plummets the stocks of Blue star Airlines, so that Gekko gets rid of the stock without getting much hurt. In the same way we have seen that in order to increase the stock price earlier in the movie, he asks his friends to advise their respective clients to purchase stock of interest. Ethical Theories: In the movie the ethical dilemmas that we see primarily is the difference in the ethical valuation that Bud, Gekko and Carl do. Some of the theories highlighted are: Gekko is a person having psychological egoism. He believes that all actions are prompted by selfish desires. It maintains that self-oriented interests ultimately motivate all human actions. Another theory that comes across is the deontological theory, which states that we all have certain clear obligations we have as human beings such as to care for our children, and to not commit murder. In the movie Carl shows moral values where he chooses his union and co-workers at Bluestar airlines over sharing profit made by his son. Consequentialist theory is also one of the principles that we see in the movie being highlighted. This theory states that An action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable. When Gordon Gekko thinks his thinking can be termed as unethical based on this theory. This is because the bad consequences of his action like the Bluestar employees losing their jobs and the Shareholders losing their money far outweighs the good consequences of Gekko getting huge returns on his investment. Social Contract Theory In the movie Wall Street, Gekko can justify his actions according to the above theory. This theory propounds the view that persons moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement between them to form society. In the place Wall Street, there exists a dog-eat-dog world. Therefore in order to survive one has to adhere to Wall Street norms. Bud as a newcomer has to adjust in order to stay and flourish there and not try to change it. CONCLUSION: The movie Wall Street portrays a very strong social context emerging on the Wall Street, where competition and the urge to make more money have left no room for ethical decision making. This movie sensitizes us with a dilemma which a young dreamer faces when he faces the practicality of the real world. In order to make big bucks he has to make a decision against his moral principles. He does take it, however sooner realizes that this chase for money is a never ending chase and will make a monster out of him. He therefore retraces his steps back. Although it came at a cost of him getting arrested, he had no qualms regarding his decision. Concluding about the actions taken by the characters in the movie can be controversial, as suggested because both sides can give their points based on different theories and explanation; however as a group we strongly feel that Bud did make a very ethical decision. Everyone does mistakes. As a newcomer, it was natural of him to get impressed by the bigwigs of the industry. However what distinguished him was the force and strength of his character, by which he listened to his own true inner voice. In the last scene when Bud fox encounters Gekko he very truly and aptly says to Gekko that I guess I realized, Im just Bud Fox. As much I wanted to be Gordon Gekko, Ill always be Bud Fox.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Morality in J.B. Priestleys An Inspector Calls Essay -- J. B. Priestl

'An Inspector Calls' Essay In Act One of 'An Inspector Calls' how does J.B. Priestley use dramatic devices to convey his concerns and ideas to the members of the audience, as well as interest and involve them in his play? 'An Inspector Calls' is a morality play - a form of play developed in the late middle ages in which a Christian moral lesson was brought out through the struggle between the forces of good and evil - set in 1912, and revolves around the questioning of a family by Inspector Goole about the suicide of a young woman (Eva Smith) that the family knew.The author, J.B. Priestley is trying to show us what some people's arrogance and selfishness can cause without them even noticing. Priestley was a socialist, therefore by writing this play he was drawing attention to the bad things about capitalism. The Inspector was intending to teach the Birlings that ?...we have to share something. If there?s nothing else, we?ll have to share our guilt? Act One. By saying this, he is telling them they are all as guilty as each other of the suicide of Eva Smith, this also links to Priestley being a socialist because he is putting the Birlings to shame. The doorbell ringing appears to separate the two moods (before and after the Inspector arrives). Priestley has used dramatic irony by making the doorbell ring to interrupt Birling?s speech, just as he is talking about looking after ?...yourself and your own? Act One, by saying this before the doorbell rings, Birling is already digging himself into a hole before he even knows it. It is ironic because the Inspector is here to teach him his responsibilities for other people, when he is saying you should only look after your self and your family. As the Inspector enters the ch... ...y guilty and sympathetic for what she has done, whereas Mr and Mrs Birling couldn?t care less and remain unsympathetic throughout. The way Mr and Mrs Birling don?t care makes the play interesting for the audience, as they are waiting for them to crack, the Inspector also helps maintain the audiences concentration by the way he slowly unravels the story and the way he interrogates people in the order that they met the girl. I think the playwright hopes to teach people that money isn?t everything and that people who are arrogant and selfish will get their comeuppances eventually. The moral of the play still, applies to today?s society because it makes us think about the things we do that involve ignoring people less fortunate than us when we realise that there are Eva Smiths all around us just waiting for a chance to make it through the cruel world we live in.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Power Control Theory

In this paper I will describe my family environment based on Hagan’s Power- Control Theory, I will explain paternalistic and egalitarian families and which behavior my family is affected by. When comparing Hagan’s Power-Control Theory an individual wonders about their environment and how it affects there family. Hagan created a critical feminist model that used gender differences to explain the onset of criminology (Siegel, Criminology: The Core, Fourth Edition , 2011). His view described crime and delinquency rates with two factors class position the power and family functions the control (Siegel, Criminology: The Core, Fourth Edition , 2011). My family environment is almost different from most. In my household I would say our class position is a mix between under and middle class. The breadwinner within my house is my mother meaning I’m in a single-parent household. I come from a very strong family oriented surrounding and my values and belief has carried on from when I was a child to now. Even though I’m in a single parent household family members were always there to help if help was needed. I was blessed with the luxury of my mother and father providing me with everything I ever needed whether they were together or not. They have always supported my decisions whether right or wrong. I believe that even though I was in a single-parent household my mother gave plenty of ground rules and responsibilities to follow. I never steered into deviant or violent behavior I always had and still have love and support from my family no matter what. Paternalistic families are the families in which a father takes the traditional role being the breadwinner (Siegel, Criminology: The Core, Fourth Edition , 2011). The mother on the other hand remains home and does the domestic labor of cooking and cleaning. Young boys growing up in households like this tend to often steer out of control because they have more freedom and less â€Å"parenting†. Young girls are less likely to steer out of control because they have the view of what there mother does and that often influences them to be obedient in a way. Egalitarian families are when a mother and father share similar roles and positions of power within the household and workplace (Siegel, Criminology: The Core, Fourth Edition , 2011). Young girls have more freedom and lack parental control they violate law and often their behavior reflects on younger siblings. Hagan believed that young girls engage in adult status behavior rather than deviant (Siegel, Criminology: The Core, Fourth Edition , 2011). Hagan also suggested that single parent household children are more likely to deviate and have bad behavior due to an absent father (Siegel, Criminology: The Core, Fourth Edition , 2011). I believe that some of what Hagan suggested is true; on the other hand because I come from an egalitarian family I think other wise. I believe being in a single-parent household you tend to have more responsibility especially when other siblings are involved. Being an older sibling to tend to want to be that role model for your young brothers and sisters in a positive way you never want them to deviate or steer out of control and go on a negative path. When comparing Hagan’s Power-Control Theory an individual wonders about their environment and how it affects there family. As you can see the Power-Control Theory Hagan created holds some truth. I believe that its â€Å"different strokes for different folks† all people react to their family environments differently.

Friday, November 8, 2019

The Grey Fuzz Buddy Essays - Jackets, Letterman, Coat, Free Essays

The Grey Fuzz Buddy Essays - Jackets, Letterman, Coat, Free Essays The Grey Fuzz Buddy McKean English101 September 10, 2014 The Grey Fuzz Buddy Every year at Mingus Union High School, all of the sports teams receive their own personalized team t-shirts or jackets. My freshman year playing tennis for Mingus, I received mine. My tennis jacket is the color grey- the grey of a storm cloud soon before it rains. Its as if the rain drops, which seep into the jacket, extract the spectrum from the sky and transfer it to the very fabrics draped across my upper body. Theres bold, eggshell white letters printed Mingus across the chest. Then, theres the image of a woman hitting a tennis ball silhouetted by those letters in a shade darker than that of the sky surrounding a full moon, presently before midnight. In that same proud white font is my own last name printed between the shoulder blades claiming the ownership of the jacket to me. In smaller, dainty white letters is printed with the very tacky, yet comical phrase, you only live once, but you can serve twice just peeking out above the waistline. There is a kangaroo pocket surroundin g the belly, and then a very large, cozy hood hanging from the base of the neck. A jackets purpose is to keep the body warm, but this jacket has done much more than that; this jacket has been a symbol of my high school experience, my father, and my friendships; a symbol which I will hold with me all my life. As students at Mingus Union High School have walked the halls on their first day for what feels to be an infinite number of years, a rite of passage, my time came on August 4th, 2011. I was among the freshman class of 2015 joining the high school world for the first time. Something that Mingus offers that my grade school didnt is tennis. Which, tennis might be, to most people that live in Arizona, a little bit of a foreign concept. But my father played occasionally with me, as his father did with him. It was never an avid sport of mine, until the day I tried out. That became the first day of my teenage years that I made my father really proud. Trying out for tennis was the day I took a chance on something new, and I succeeded in my endeavors. By the end of freshman year, my dad watched with other proud parents as I walked over to my coach and received my first team jacket. In my closet, there is one item that sticks out, the item that I wear the most; this makes my closet the most important closet in the world. My closet is special, because there is a key here. There is a key to my special item, which is hung with care and left waiting for my arrival as I wait for it. My jacket would have no importance to me, though, if it was just left in the closet. If this jacket did not journey with me, and venture onto great distances. If it was left at home on chilly, bare nights while I was exposed to the cool dark abyss on my journeys. My warm cloak follows me, shields me, wherever I go, and wherever I end up. A symbol of where I have been, or where I have come from, and what I have accomplished. Worn just as plain as the expression on my face to show my pride and pleasure in all I do. In one trip I took to see my beloved brother, I had left my dear jacket with him as I traveled home. It was by no means intentional, because, of course, I went without that jacket until my senior year in high school. Eventually, the faithful had found its way back to me, all the way from Florida, in my last winter at Mingus. As I opened the box that the jacket had finally been shipped in, a smell wafted through the air; through my hair, between all my senses. This box had brought back Florida. My jacket had taken a tight hug of my brothers cologne and it had brought it back just for me. For my senses to

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Psycholinguistics Definition and Examples

Psycholinguistics Definition and Examples Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental aspects of language and speech. It is primarily concerned with the ways in which language is represented and processed in the brain. A branch of both linguistics and psychology, psycholinguistics is part of the field of cognitive science. Adjective: psycholinguistic. The term psycholinguistics was introduced by American psychologist Jacob Robert Kantor in his book An Objective Psychology of Grammar (1936). The term was popularized by one of Kantors students, Henry Pronko, in the article Language and Psycholinguistics: A Review (1946). The emergence of  psycholinguistics as an academic discipline is generally linked to an influential seminar at Cornell University in 1951. Pronunciation: si-ko-lin-GWIS-tiks Also Known As: psychology of language Etymology: From the Greek, mind the Latin, tongue On Psycholinguistics Psycholinguistics is  the study of the mental mechanisms that make it possible for people to use language. It is a scientific discipline whose goal is a coherent theory of the way in which language is produced and understood. (Alan Garnham,  Psycholinguistics: Central Topics. Psychology Press, 1985) Two Key Questions At its heart, psycholinguistic work consists of two questions. One is, What knowledge of language is needed for us to use language? In a sense, we must know a language to use it, but we are not always fully aware of this knowledge... The other primary psycholinguistic question is, What cognitive processes are involved in the ordinary use of language? By ordinary use of language I mean such things as understanding a lecture, reading a book, writing a letter, and holding a conversation. By cognitive processes, I mean processes such as perception, memory, and thinking. Although we do few things as often or as easily as speaking and listening, we will find that considerable cognitive processing is going on during those activities. (David Carroll,  Psychology of Language, 5th ed. Thomson, 2008)   How Language Is Done Psycholinguists study how word meaning, sentence meaning, and discourse meaning are computed and represented in the mind. They study how complex words and sentences are composed in speech and how they are broken down into their constituents in the acts of listening and reading. In short, psycholinguists seek to understand how language is done... In general, psycholinguistic studies have revealed that many of the concepts employed in the analysis of sound structure, word structure, and sentence structure also play a role in language processing. However, an account of language processing also requires that we understand how these linguistic concepts interact with other aspects of human processing to enable language production and comprehension. (William OGrady, et al., Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction. Bedford/St. Martins, 2001) An Interdisciplinary Field Psycholinguistics... draws on ideas and knowledge from a number of associated areas, such as phonetics, semantics and pure linguistics. There is a constant exchange of information between psycholinguists and those working in neurolinguistics, who study how language is represented in the brain. There are also close links with studies in artificial intelligence. Indeed, much of the early interest in language processing derived from the AI goals of designing computer programs that can turn speech into writing and programs that can recognize the human voice. (John Field, Psycholinguistics: A Resource Book for Students. Routledge, 2003) On Psycholinguistics and Neuroimaging Psycholinguistics has classically focused on button press tasks and reaction time experiments from which cognitive processes are being inferred. The advent of neuroimaging opened new research perspectives for the psycholinguist as it became possible to look at the neuronal mass activity that underlies language processing. Studies of brain correlates of psycholinguistic processes can complement behavioral results, and in some cases . . . can lead to direct information about the basis of psycholinguistic processes. (Friedmann Pulvermà ¼ller, Word Processing in the Brain as Revealed by Neurophysiological Imaging. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics, ed. by M. Gareth Gaskell. Oxford University Press, 2009)

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Report - Essay Example These cases involved unethical practices at the top management level and unacceptable risk-taking by companies’ CEOs in order to attain high level of financial gains. The underlying aim of the current quantitative research is to investigate the effects of risk attitude on company performance indicators and whether or not this has led to a change in attitudes of companies’ CEOs. Thus, the quantitative research performed in this report focus on two relationships as indicated below: 1. Whether or not there has been a change in attitudes to risk before and after the UBS bank scandal; 2. Whether or not there is a correlation between the risk attitude of companies and their volatility, and if so to measure this effect. Data Collection The present study uses data from both primary and secondary sources of information. Primary Data The research uses quantitative approach for data collection and analysis. The primary data involve collection of responses of selected companies CEO s regarding their risk attitudes after Barings crash. For this purpose, a sample of 100 CEOs of various large financial organizations presently operating in London, UK has been selected. In this study, a non-probability purposive sampling method has been used that involved acquiring a list of 100 largest companies on the basis of the size of their workforce from the Financial Times. These companies were then approached requesting CEOs to complete a short questionnaire in order to assess their attitude to risk. The attitude to risk is measured on the basis of a ranking from 1 to 30 with 1 being the most conservative and 30 being the most risky. This data make up values for one variable RISKATT_AFTER. The selection of a sample of largest financial organizations operating in London could be considered to have certain limitations such as similarities in their responses suggesting possible biasness as they may have a common approach to managing their businesses due to demographics and bu siness context. The selection of only large companies avoids inclusion of views of smaller organizations which may have different and prudent attitude towards risk-taking measures. Their input would have been beneficial to include their views related to risk before and after crash of Barings. Secondary Data The research also makes use of secondary data that are obtained from two published articles from years 2007 and 2009, which provided measures of the risk attitude of the selected 100 organizations. These data are included in the present study for another variable RISKATT_BEFORE using the same scale from 1 to 30. The limitation associated with the inability of the researcher to evaluate the accuracy of this information is included in the present study, which could have direct implications for its outcome. Furthermore, the secondary data pertaining to stock’s volatility have been obtained for the selected companies. This information includes minimum (SHARE_MIN) and maximum ( SHARE_MAX) share prices and their standard deviation (SD_SHARE) during period before and after Barings crash. Descriptive Analysis This section provides descriptives pertaining to two variables RISKATT_AFTER and RISKATT-BEFORE. This highlights the difference in the

Friday, November 1, 2019

Relationship with Boss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Relationship with Boss - Essay Example The traditional concept was top-down approach and there was no question of managing the relationship with the boss. However, in the modern context, the concept has changed and the both-way approach has begun to prevail within the various organizations. In present times, the subordinates are required to develop certain traits through which their relationship with the boss can be managed effectively. According to Geisler (2011), knowledge about the working habits of the boss is essential for the subordinates in order to manage the relationship. It has also been observed that the subordinates should communicate with the boss in the way which is liked by the latter. The values of the boss are required to be recognized by the subordinate and he or she should try to align the boss’s values with his or her own. The structure of this paper will be focused upon the various approaches mentioned by the writers of the two articles. In this section of the research paper, the understanding of the subordinate or the manager of the retail chain (about herself) will be discussed. The manager should be specific about the fact that in her relationship with the boss, she is holding one part, the other part being the boss. Hence, for making the relationship effective, the manager should understand her own necessities along with strengths and weaknesses and personal style. Although it is not possible to change the nature of any person and so do the boss and the subordinate, the manager should strive for recognizing her personal traits that are hindering the growth of an effective relationship with the boss. The manager should then try out ways through which her discrepancies can be eradicated and the relationship can be made worthy.